Optocouplers (photocouplers) are widely used electronic components whose performance is not easily tested with ordinary instruments. Key benefits Electrical isolation between input and output while enabling signal transfer Safe interfacing between different voltage domains to protect sensitive circuitry Noise and spike reduction to improve system reliability Versatile packaging options to fit compact designs Performance characteristics that vary by model, with data sheets providing specifics Key attributes Function: optically coupled isolation using an input LED and a light sensitive output device Compatibility: suitable for digital and analog signals across common logic families Size: available in standard package types such as through hole (DIP) and surface mount (SMD) to suit board design Material: built with an LED input and light sensitive output device encapsulated in protective housing Performance: isolation voltage, current transfer ratio (CTR), and response time vary by model; consult the data sheet for exact figures Use scenarios Isolating a microcontroller from a voltage motor driver to prevent voltage spikes from affecting control logic Interfacing low voltage sensing electronics with mainspowered equipment to protect both operators and instrumentation Providing safe signal transfer between industrial sensors and control systems in electrically noisy environments Note Select a model with appropriate isolation rating, CTR, speed, and packaging to match your design requirements; refer to the specific product data sheet for precise specifications